{"id":9781,"date":"2026-03-25T17:40:06","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T17:40:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/?p=9781"},"modified":"2026-03-25T17:40:06","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T17:40:06","slug":"donnees-biometriques-collectees-par-la-police-dans-quels-cas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/2026\/03\/25\/donnees-biometriques-collectees-par-la-police-dans-quels-cas\/","title":{"rendered":"Donn\u00e9es biom\u00e9triques collect\u00e9es par la police : dans quels cas ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"fr-text--lead vp-page-chapo\"><span class=\"field field--name-field-chapo field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item\">La Cour de justice de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne (CJUE) a rendu une d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cisant les conditions de collectes des donn\u00e9es biom\u00e9triques (empreintes digitales, photographies) par les services de police. L&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;une \u00ab\u00a0n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 absolue\u00a0\u00bb est exig\u00e9e dans le cadre d&rsquo;une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale, juge la Cour.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vp-page-content\">\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-paragraphe field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items\">\n<div class=\"field__item\">\n<div class=\"paragraph paragraph--type--paragraphe paragraph--view-mode--default\">\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-corps-de-texte field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item\">\n<p data-once=\"ldf_glossary_highlight_words\">Selon le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/site\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2026-03\/cp260039fr.pdf\" aria-label=\"communiqu\u00e9 de presse - Cour de justice de l'Union europ\u00e9enne (CJUE) - Format pdf 131 Ko) - Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">communiqu\u00e9 de presse<\/a>\u00a0de la Cour de justice de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne (CJUE) du 19 mars 2026, \u00ab\u00a0les donn\u00e9es biom\u00e9triques rel\u00e8vent de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 caract\u00e8re personnel sensibles au sens du droit de l\u2019Union, ce qui impose une protection renforc\u00e9e : leur traitement n\u2019est autoris\u00e9 que lorsqu\u2019il r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une\u00a0<strong>n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 absolue<\/strong>\u00a0et qu\u2019il existe des garanties appropri\u00e9es pour les droits et libert\u00e9s de la personne concern\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p data-once=\"ldf_glossary_highlight_words\">L&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/infocuria.curia.europa.eu\/tabs\/jurisprudence?sort=DOC_DATE-DESC&amp;searchTerm=%22C-371%2F24%22&amp;publishedId=C-371%2F24\" aria-label=\"arr\u00eat C-371\/24 - Cour de justice de l'Union europ\u00e9enne (CJUE) - Nouvelle fen\u00eatre\">arr\u00eat C-371\/24<\/a>\u00a0du 19 mars 2026 pr\u00e9cise les\u00a0<strong>exigences impos\u00e9es lors d&rsquo;une collecte de donn\u00e9es biom\u00e9triques<\/strong>\u00a0(empreintes digitales et photographies).<\/p>\n<p data-once=\"ldf_glossary_highlight_words\">La Cour d&rsquo;appel de Paris avait en effet saisi la CJUE \u00e0 la suite de la contestation d&rsquo;une condamnation pour refus de relev\u00e9 signal\u00e9tique (prise d&#8217;empreintes digitales et photographies). La requ\u00e9rant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 en m\u00eame temps relax\u00e9 de l&rsquo;<a class=\"vp-glossary-word\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/en-bref\/302498-donnees-biometriques-collectees-par-la-police-dans-quels-cas#\" aria-describedby=\"tooltip-5036\" data-fr-js-tooltip-referent=\"true\">infraction<\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 l&rsquo;origine des relev\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"field__item\">\n<div class=\"paragraph paragraph--type--paragraphe paragraph--view-mode--default\">\n<h2 id=\"une-n\u00e9cessit\u00e9-absolue-clairement-motiv\u00e9e\" class=\"h2\" tabindex=\"-1\">Une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 absolue clairement motiv\u00e9e<\/h2>\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-corps-de-texte field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item\">\n<p data-once=\"ldf_glossary_highlight_words\">La Cour d&rsquo;appel de Paris avait pos\u00e9 deux questions \u00e0 la CJUE :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-list-item-id=\"e628e2535855c60fccc55ce5b947e9dd2\">le droit europ\u00e9en permet-il aux autorit\u00e9s nationales de faire, sans justification, des relev\u00e9s signal\u00e9tiques d&rsquo;une personne soup\u00e7onn\u00e9e d&rsquo;infraction\u00a0?<\/li>\n<li data-list-item-id=\"e24b48f2cbbf1d4a94ad8f0b4e154daaf\">la personne refusant de s&rsquo;y soumettre peut-elle \u00eatre condamn\u00e9e m\u00eame relax\u00e9e de l&rsquo;infraction principale\u00a0?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-once=\"ldf_glossary_highlight_words\"><strong>Le traitement des donn\u00e9es personnelles doit r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 absolue, soup\u00e7onner une infraction ne suffit pas<\/strong>, pr\u00e9cise la CJUE. Si la l\u00e9gislation nationale vise toutes les personnes soup\u00e7onn\u00e9es d&rsquo;avoir commis ou d&rsquo;avoir tent\u00e9 de commettre une\u00a0<a class=\"vp-glossary-word\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/en-bref\/302498-donnees-biometriques-collectees-par-la-police-dans-quels-cas#\" aria-describedby=\"tooltip-9727\" data-fr-js-tooltip-referent=\"true\">infraction<\/a>, elle serait contraire \u00e0 la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2016\/680\/oj\/eng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external\">directive 2016\/680<\/a>\u00a0(article 10). La collecte des empreintes digitales et la prise de photographies ne peuvent pas \u00eatre syst\u00e9matiques et supposent \u00e9galement une motivation claire.<\/p>\n<p data-once=\"ldf_glossary_highlight_words\"><strong>Quant \u00e0 la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 de la condamnation pour refus des relev\u00e9s signal\u00e9tiques, elle d\u00e9pend de la conformit\u00e9 de la collecte des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;exigence de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 absolue<\/strong>. La condamnation est conforme au droit europ\u00e9en si elle respecte cette condition mais aussi le principe de proportionnalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p data-once=\"ldf_glossary_highlight_words\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/en-bref\/302498-donnees-biometriques-collectees-par-la-police-dans-quels-cas\">vie-publique.fr<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-contenu-associe-interne field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items\">\n<div class=\"field__item\">\n<div class=\"node node--type-fiche-thematique node--view-mode-inside-link vp-teaser-card-horizontal fr-card fr-enlarge-link fr-card--horizontal fr-card--horizontal-tier fr-mb-3w\">\n<div class=\"fr-card__body\">\n<div class=\"fr-card__start vp-type\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Cour de justice de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne (CJUE) a rendu une d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cisant les conditions de collectes des donn\u00e9es biom\u00e9triques (empreintes digitales, photographies) par les services de police. L&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;une \u00ab\u00a0n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 absolue\u00a0\u00bb est exig\u00e9e dans le cadre d&rsquo;une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale, juge la Cour. Selon le\u00a0communiqu\u00e9 de presse\u00a0de la Cour de justice de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne (CJUE) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9782,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9781","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9781"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9783,"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9781\/revisions\/9783"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avenir-gendarmerie.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}